When people hear “solar system,” they often think only of panels. But a full home solar energy system includes several interconnected components that work together to turn sunlight into usable power.
Whether you’re considering solar for the first time or just curious about how it all works, this guide walks you through every part of the system – from rooftop to wall plug.
- Solar panels
These are the most visible and iconic part of the system. Solar panels, also known as modules, convert sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity using photovoltaic (PV) cells.
- Most common types: Monocrystalline (high efficiency) and polycrystalline (cost-effective)
- Installed on your roof or ground mount
- Typical output: 350-450 watts per panel
- Mounting/racking system
Solar panels need to be securely attached to your roof or property. The racking system holds them in place, ensuring correct angle, tilt, and spacing.
- Roof type matters (asphalt, tile, metal, etc.)
- Includes flashing to prevent leaks
- Wind-rated and snow-load certified for your region
- Inverter
Solar panels produce DC electricity, but your home runs on alternating current (AC). The inverter is the component that transforms DC into AC so your appliances can use the energy.
- String inverters: One inverter handles the full array
- Microinverters: Small inverters on each panel, improving performance in shaded areas
- Hybrid inverters: Combine solar + battery management
- Electrical panel (breaker box)
The inverter sends the AC electricity to your home’s electrical panel, which distributes the power throughout your house just like traditional grid power.
- May need upgrades if your existing panel is outdated
- Includes solar-specific breakers for system safety
- Utility meter (bi-directional meter)
This special meter tracks:
- How much electricity you pull from the grid
- How much solar electricity you send back to the grid (net metering)
It ensures accurate billing and, in many states, earns you credit for excess solar production.
- Monitoring system
Most systems include real-time performance monitoring, accessible via app or browser. You can track:
- Energy production
- Daily, monthly, and yearly savings
- Alerts or malfunctions
This data helps ensure your system is always performing as expected.
- Solar battery (optional)
Adding battery storage allows you to store excess energy generated during the day for use at night or during outages. While optional, batteries are becoming more popular in areas with:
- High electricity rates
- Frequent blackouts
- Time-of-use pricing (TOU)
Popular models include Tesla Powerwall, Enphase IQ Battery, and LG Chem.
- Rapid shutdown and safety equipment
Code requires systems to shut down quickly in emergencies for firefighter and technician safety. Rapid shutdown devices ensure compliance and protect your home.
- Wiring and conduit
Behind the scenes, your system is connected by a network of:
- DC wires from panels to inverter
- AC wires to your panel and meter
- Grounding wires for safety
All conduit is weatherproof, rated for outdoor use, and installed by licensed electricians.
Sky Solar Pro system design
We build every system with:
- Tier-1 panels from top manufacturers
- High-efficiency micro or hybrid inverters
- Code-compliant racking and wiring
- Options for batteries, monitoring, and upgrades
We customize every installation to your home’s unique layout, energy needs, and future plans.
Final thoughts
A solar energy system is more than panels on a roof – it’s a smart, interconnected system designed to give you control over your energy. Understanding each component helps you make informed decisions and feel confident in your investment.
Ready to build your solar system? Let Sky Solar Pro walk you through the design – from panel to plug.
